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Ergodic sequence : ウィキペディア英語版
Ergodic sequence

In mathematics, an ergodic sequence is a certain type of integer sequence, having certain equidistribution properties.
==Definition==
Let A = \ be an infinite, strictly increasing sequence of positive integers. Then, given an integer ''q'', this sequence is said to be ergodic mod ''q'' if, for all integers 1\leq k \leq q, one has
:\lim_ \frac = \frac
where
:N(A,t) = \mbox \
and card is the count (the number of elements) of a set, so that N(A,t) is the number of elements in the sequence ''A'' that are less than or equal to ''t'', and
:N(A,t,k,q) = \mbox \
so N(A,t,k,q) is the number of elements in the sequence ''A'', less than ''t'', that are equivalent to ''k'' modulo ''q''. That is, a sequence is an ergodic sequence if it becomes uniformly distributed mod ''q'' as the sequence is taken to infinity.
An equivalent definition is that the sum
:\lim_ \frac \sum_
\exp \frac = 0
vanish for every integer ''k'' with k \mod q \ne 0.
If a sequence is ergodic for all ''q'', then it is sometimes said to be ergodic for periodic systems.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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